Freud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Freud - Assignment Example Even though numerous therapists appear to have turned down some of Freud's speculations, without him the universe of brain science would not have been the same (Freud, p.10) Discussion Freud's work with the cognizant and unconscious brain is recognized to be one of his most extremely popular hypotheses. In his speculation, the psyche essentially comprises of two parts, the cognizant and the unconscious. The cognizant part of an individual's personality essentially comprises of things that the individual is familiar with. This incorporates the memory, or "preconscious", in light of the fact that it is information that could be effectively recovered by an individual. The unconscious personality comprises of things outside of one's awareness, for example emotions, urges, remembrances, or musings. The point when an individual thinks about the unconscious personality he or she will for the most part think about a Freudian slip. Tragically, this is an encounter that very nearly everybody h as encountered. A Freudian slip is an occasion that happens when somebody uncovers something that is not an unconscious contemplation or feeling (Kihlstorm, p.445). For the most part, this occasion will happen when an individual is tongue-lashing another individual, and something slip's out which was unintended. This, more or less, happens in light of the fact that an individual has a certain urge of amusing or feeling in the unconscious personality. In addition, with respect to Freud's speculation on the cognizant and unconscious mind, his examination regarding the individual’s nature works is extraordinary. Freud saw a unique controlling feature in the human beings, consisting of three levels, namely, the id, self-image and the superego. The id held primitive drives that followed the premise of delight. Its prevailing objective was to look for instantaneous delight and keep away from torment. The self-image of cognizant was actuality, hence, it worked by means of the actual ity guideline, distinguishing between recognition, judgment and memory. The superego looked for culmination; it held qualities and social ethics held inside the still, small voice (Freud, p.2). Notwithstanding, his dedication to an experimental planet view, Freud's plans were less objective and investigative as he jumped at the chance to suppose. His speculation was built more with respect to clinical impressions than on regulated exact techniques. The aggregation of information and presentation of conclusions is unsystematic, the terms and thoughts are frequently impalpable and troublesome to test and measure, hence, the investigative status of analysis is disputable at a few focuses. Furthermore, the greater part of his speculation is inferred from perceptions of psychotic individuals, hence, the substance of his decisions concerned human conduct. Notwithstanding its unverified suspicions, Freud's speculation has animated further deliberate research on the nature of identity; cons cience systematic analysts as well as object-relations theorists owe much to his work (Bargh and Ezequiel, p.74). Impact and Conclusion The after impact of Freud’s theories on the world of psychology is tremendous and long lasting, due to which, the majority of the psychologists have conducted studies under the guidance of Freud. They have been greatly influenced by

Science conclusion Essay Example for Free

Science conclusion Essay In conclusion, our results matched our hypothesis, because since we observed the flow rate measurements from lowest to highest, as the molasses would be the most viscous liquid, with the lowest amount of flow rate, and water being the least vicious with the greatest amount of flow rate. Again as clarified our results match the conclusion because our hypothesis states that the fluids with a higher flow rate are less are less dense and the particles have a weaker attraction than in the fluids with a higher attraction of particles and higher density, with the exception of water, which the solid form is less dense. As explained earlier generally the higher the flow rate, the lower the flow ability of the material. As my hypothesis was resulted in being right for this lab, throughout my observation and results, because as my trials resulted that corn syrup would be the lowest flow rate with trial one stating 41.23 seconds as the flow rate, trail 2 stating 34.87 seconds as the flow rate, and trial three stating 29.96 seconds as the flow rate. So the average flow rate for corn syrup is 0.33cm/s. To explain furthermore, following, corn syrup being the least flow rate, molasses would be next with a average flow rate of 0.84cm/s, laundry detergent oil being the average flow rate of 2.28cm/s, dish soap being the average flow rate of 3.38cm/s, maple syrup being the average flow rate of 8.56cm/s, corn oil being the average flow rate of 8.89cm/s, vinegar being the average flow rate of 12.05cm/s, and finally water being the average flow rate of 12.5cm/s, and with trials 1.04 seconds, 0.93 seconds, and 1.03 seconds. As we can also see in our observations, most liquids flow rates change after each trial as the seconds being deducted each trial, with the exception of water and vinegar. The sources of error, as we did the science lab, are the errors arising from the final measurement, of the amount of liquid in centimeters, the final calculation, that could have taken effect for the liquids, when recording the measurements, and finally the temperature in the room, that might have affected the trials and the average flow rate, resulting to my final calculation. If we were to do this lab again, we could have tried this with a different temperature in the room, to get the results and see if it matches the first experiment, we could try other fluids/liquids and record the trials and the average flow rate, and record my results differently, and use a other graph. If companies or industries were to use this experiment.

Prion Diseases Essay -- Medical Prions Disease TSE

Prion Diseases Abstract Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are neurodegenerative diseases that are thought to be caused by the misfolding of prion proteins. Prions are able to replicate in the absence of nucleic acids. TSEs include: scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, and Fatal Familial Insomnia. They can affect many different animals, including humans. Currently, there are no ways to diagnose, treat, or cure TSEs, as much more research is needed before these diseases are completely understood. 1. Overview Prions are a type of protein found naturally in the brain and other regions of the central nervous system. The diseases associated with prions are collectively known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). â€Å"Transmissible† refers to their potentially infectious nature, and â€Å"spongiform encephalopathies† indicates the microscopic sponge-like deterioration of the brain caused by the progression of the disorders. While these fatal neurodegenerative diseases exhibit different clinical symptoms, have different incubation periods, and even target different areas of the brain, they do share a number of characteristics. They occur in both animals and humans. During a silent incubation period, there are no detectable signs of the disease, although depending on the specific disease, the length of the incubation period can â€Å"vary from a few weeks to up to 40 [years]† (Baker & Ridley, 1996, 1). Due to their unique method of propagation (which will be addressed later), TSEs present a seeming paradox in that â€Å"inherited cases give rise to a disease that is transmissible but acquired cases do not produce heritable diseases† (Baker & Rid... ...(Soto, 2006, 105). 15. Conclusion On a closing note, prion research is significant not only for possible breakthroughs in understanding TSEs, but because of the vast implications the very concept of prions holds for the entire field of biology. As the first substance discovered that can replicate in the absence of nucleic acids, prions defy one of the most central biological doctrines. The similarities between TSEs and dementia disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and â€Å"findings of proteins with a prion-like behavior in yeast and other fungi† (Soto, 2006, 143) suggest that prions and proteins like them may be much more common than ever expected (Soto, 2006, 154). 10 Bibliography Baker, Harry F., & Ridley, Rosalind M. (1996). Prion Diseases. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press. Soto, Claudio. (2006). Prions: The New Biology of Proteins. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.

The Failure of the De Havilland Comet Aircraft :: Aerospace Technology Aircrafts Essays

The Failure of the De Havilland Comet Aircraft Following World War II and the jet engine technology that emerged largely toward its end, aerospace engineers knew well that the technology had great potential for use in the commercial aviation industry. The Comet was the first aircraft to utilize jet propulsion; however, its designers failed to consider the metallurgy of the aircraft’s materials under flight conditions or the consequences of their atypical window design. The aircraft was designed by Britain’s De Havilland Aircraft Company and entered service in May 1952. After a year of service, however, the design issues mentioned above resulted in the failure of several Comet aircraft. Extensive evaluations revealed that repeated pressurization stress on the aircraft’s main cabin had caused its structure to fail. At the time when Comet development had begun, De Havilland was aware that Boeing and other leading aircraft manufacturers were also considering jet-driven planes. If De Havilland could build the first jetliner, not only the company but Britain itself could be poised to lead the aerospace industry. With 90% of airline passengers everywhere traveling on Boeing aircraft in 1939 according to Pushkar, R.G. (2002), the British government had been anxious for a development such as the Comet and supported the project enthusiastically. Pressure to develop the Comet before other companies could release their own jetliners likely contributed to some testing negligence at De Havilland. The British Overseas Airways Corporation ordered 14 Comet 1s at  £450,000 each as soon as the aircraft’s design had been decided upon (History Heads: â€Å"The Comet cover-up†), and this was a significant incentive for De Havilland to complete the Comet safely and swiftly. If the B OAC placed so much confidence in De Havilland’s product and other airlines could witness the aircraft’s success, this would garner tremendous support for the Comet and De Havilland overseas. In its design of the Comet, De Havilland used two nonstandard design techniques that contributed significantly to the aircraft failures. The first was that the company heavily employed Redux metal-to-metal bonding in which a strong, light aluminum alloy was fixed to the frame of the aircraft with a very strong adhesive during the Redux process. The engineers based their decision to use that technique primarily on the fact that the Comet’s initial design had a large weight and that its four Ghost engines, also built by De Havilland, could not support it with their thrust.

What is succession planning?

Succession planning can be considered a company’s passport to ensuring its sustainability and business continuity. Organisations, big or small, have their competent and hardworking people as their backbone. Without them, their success will not be possible even if they put in a lot of investment in high technology and advanced machineries. It’s one thing, though, to have a pool of qualified and high-potential talent; it’s another thing to ensure that they are in the right positions to maximise their talents and sustain their motivation. The problem comes in when an employee who is currently occupying a critical function becomes unable to perform his or her duties for whatever reason. The company must then be able to identify a key talent from within the organisation who can fill up the void, and this is where succession planning comes into play. Succession planning is an exercise that companies do to ascertain that they have strong, experienced and knowledgeable senior managers who can serve as mentors to promising junior officers who can (and will one day) take on more critical roles and hopefully lead the company to greater success. Succession planning is about making sure that there is a qualified and competent manager who can assume greater responsibilities as the need arises and at any given time. Like in any sports team, the coach relies on a deep bench of â€Å"second team† members to replace a â€Å"starter† player when necessary. In addition, succession planning is anchored on the company’s strategic goals. For instance, if the company decides to expand its business beyond its current service area, top management needs to identify qualified talents who can occupy new posts as a result of a new deal closed or replace senior managers in the parent company who will be seconded to the subsidiary. This means that top management must constantly be on the lookout for possible changes within the organisation and quickly identify the manpower implications of these developments. Organisations that have successfully institutionalised succession planning in their organisation have integrated it into their day-to-day business operations. Succession planning is a continuous activity and not just a periodic thing. Key Elements of Succession Planning The first step to a successful succession planning is having a comprehensive and effective talent mapping and assessment system. Here, the company needs to define the skills set and competencies required for a particular rank and / or function in order to evaluate if all its employees are placed in the position that is most suited for them. Moreover, the company should be able to identify and provide development opportunities and growth areas for each key employee. Furthermore, the company should classify an employee as a high-potential talent, average performer or one that is unreliable and unmotivated. This is to make sure that the company allots more time and resources to develop the right people for the job. This means that a high-potential talent will be given more training and development programs and will be exposed to more growth opportunities compared with an average performer. Another key element in succession planning is to ensure that there is a regular performance evaluation system in place especially for key and emerging talents in the organisation. For most companies, this is done annually; for some semi-annually or even quarterly. Whatever the case is, the company should set clear, quantifiable, measurable and realistic targets against which an employee will be evaluated. Through this, top management will be able to see who among their employees are performing well against their deliverables. If there is a nonperforming employee, the company should find out the underlying cause for this because it might be a case of mismatch between the employee’s skills set and the role that he or she is being asked to perform. The company then should be quick to rectify this problem by moving that employee to a more appropriate position for him and find a more suitable talent who can take his or her place. Companies should also establish a mentoring mechanism and encourage their senior managers to always have an understudy who they think can assume their roles in the future. This understudy or apprentice will shadow the senior manager and help him or her perform critical tasks to develop the needed leadership and management skills. Moreover, companies should foster a working environment where there is flow of information from senior to junior managers and vice-versa. Talent retention is also an important element in succession planning. Companies should invest in making their employees happy and satisfied by providing financial (e. g. rewards and incentives) and non-financial â€Å"gifts† (e. g. employee recognition programs, good healthcare plan, training and development programs, safe and healthy working environment, etc. ). This, then, allows more time for seasoned managers to transfer their knowledge and share their experience to their younger colleagues so that when the time comes, junior officers can step up to the challenge. Benefits of Effective Succession Planning An effective succession planning can bring about benefits both to the company and the employees. First, the company can be assured of a stable business anchored on a strong senior management team and an equally-reliable pool of second stringers composed of trained and groomed junior employees. This, in turn, will make investors and shareholders more confident about the future of the company, which hopefully leads to increased shareholder value. On the part of the customers, they will also be assured that their service provider is in good hands and will be able to cater to their long-term needs. Moreover, good succession planning will save the company time and money in externally sourcing the talent who can best fill in the vacant position. External talents, no matter how brilliant they are, need ample time to understand the business and blend with the organisation. In the same manner, employees will benefit from an effective succession planning system as this will meet their career development requirements and make their existing and future roles clearer. High-potential employees will also appreciate the company’s taking notice of them and providing them with more top-level training and development programs. They will surely feel that they are given importance to by the company. Finally, succession planning gives employees a sense of stability, knowing that they have a long-term career path with the company. This, in turn, will make the employees more motivated, optimistic and forward-looking.

Bonnet Rouge

Phrygian Cap/Bonnet Rouge The Bonnet Rouge, also known as the Bonnet Phrygien / Phrygian Cap, was a red cap which began to be associated with the French Revolution in 1789. By 1791 it had become de rigueur for sans-culotte militants to wear one to show their loyalty and was widely used in propaganda. By 1792 it had been adopted by the government as an official symbol of the revolutionary state and has been resurrected at various moments of tension in French political history, right into the twentieth century. Design The Phrygian Cap has no brim and is soft and ‘limp’; it fits tightly around the head. Red versions became associated with the French Revolution. Sort of Origins In the early modern period of European history many works were written about life in ancient Rome and Greece, and in them appeared the Phrygian Cap. This was supposedly worn in the Anatolian region of Phrygian and developed into headwear of liberated slaves. Although the truth is confused and seems tenuous, the link between freedom from slavery and the Phrygian Cap was established in the early modern mind. Revolutionary Headwear Red Caps were soon used in France during moments of social unrest, and in 1675 there occurred a series of riots known to posterity as the Revolt of the Red Caps. What we don’t know is if the Liberty Cap was exported from these French tensions to the American Colonies, or whether it came back the other way, because red Liberty Caps were a part of American Revolutionary symbolism, from the Sons of Liberty to a seal of the US Senate. Either way, when a meeting of the Estates General in France in 1789 turned into one of the greatest revolutions in history the Phrygian Cap appeared.There are records showing the cap in use in 1789, but it really gained traction in 1790 and by 1791 was an essential symbol of the sans-culottes, whose legwear (after which they were named) and their headwear (the bonnet rouge) was a quasi-uniform showing the class and revolutionary fervor of working Parisians. The Goddess Liberty was shown wearing one, as was the symbol of the French nation Marianne, an d revolutionary soldiers wore them too. When Louis XVI was threatened in 1792 by a mob which broke into his residence they made him wear a cap, and when Louis was executed the cap only increased in importance, appearing pretty much everywhere that wanted to appear loyal. Revolutionary fervor (some might say madness) meant that by 1793 some politicians were made by law to wear one. Later Use However, after the Terror, the sans-culottes and the extremes of the revolution were out of favor with people who wanted a middle way, and the cap began to be replaced, partly to neuter opposition. This hasn’t stopped the Phrygian Cap reappearing: in the 1830 revolution and the rise of the July monarchy caps appeared, as they did during the revolution of 1848. The bonnet rouge remains an official symbol, used in France, and during recent times of tension in France, there have been news reports of Phrygian Caps appearing.

The eNotes Blog Math Brain Teasers 5 Famous Paradoxes that Will Make youThink

Math Brain Teasers 5 Famous Paradoxes that Will Make youThink Who doesnt love a good mathematical riddle? Challenge yourself to one of these brain teasers, and whip them  out at your next social gathering. The Potato Paradox Q: Say you have 100 pounds of potatoes, which are 99% water by weight. You let them dehydrate until they’re 98% water. How much do they weigh now? The surprising answer is 50 pounds! A: For 100 pounds of potatoes with 99% water weight, you have 99 pounds of water and 1 pound of solids. This is a 1:99 ratio. If the water decreases to 98%, then you have 2% of solids. This is a 2:98 ratio, which reduces to 1:49. The weight of the solids never changed, so you have 1 pound of solids and 49 pounds of water, so the new total weight is 50 pounds. The Birthday Problem Q: Imagine you have n randomly-chosen people in a room. What is the probability that some pair of them share a birthday? A: This problem has an interesting and unexpected solution. It follows from the solution that there’s a 50.7% chance that in a room with n=20 people, a pair will share a birthday. And there’s a 99.9999% chance that if you have n=200 people in a room, there will be a pair that shares a birthday.   So, if you’re ever in a room with 19 other strangers, there’s a greater chance that you share a birthday with one of them than if you were to flip a coin and get tails. The Monty-Hall Problem via clipartkid.com Q: Suppose youre on a game show, and youre given the choice of three doors: Behind one door is a car; behind the others, goats. You pick a door, say No. 1, and the host, who knows whats behind the doors, opens another door, say No. 3, which has a goat. He then says to you, Do you want to pick door No. 2? Is it to your advantage to switch your choice? A: Yes, you should switch! Counterintuitively, you would have a â…” chance of winning the car if you switch your choice, and a â…“ chance if you stick with your choice. Hilbert’s Paradox of the Grand Hotel Q: Consider a hypothetical hotel with a countably infinite number of rooms, all of which are occupied. Can the hotel accept any more guests? A: Yes, in fact, it can accept infinitely many more new guests. You can think about it this way: in order to make room for the new guests, move the guest occupying room 1 to room 2, the guest occupying room 2 to room 4, and in general, the guest occupying room n to room 2n. This would make all the odd-numbered rooms free. The Barber Paradox via Pinterest Q: The barber is the â€Å"one who shaves all those, and only those, who do not shave himself.† Does the barber shave himself? A: This is an application of Russell’s Paradox, which deals with sets that contain themselves. The answer to this barber question is contradictory. The barber can’t shave himself as he only shaves those who do not shave themselves. So if he shaves himself, then he is no longer a barber.

What Do I Do After Graduation Part One of a Two-Part Blog Series

What Do I Do After Graduation Part One of a Two-Part Blog Series What Do I Do After Graduation? Part One of a Two-Part Blog Series As graduation day approaches, you may be thinking about what to do after school ends and perhaps setting goals for the next stage of life. Starting a new chapter can be both exciting and challenging, but it’s perfectly normal to ask yourself, â€Å"What do I do now?† Some people will be starting out for the first time in a career, and others may be pursuing second or even third careers. Whatever your age, profession, salary level, or experience, your resume is a key factor in gaining employment. It must be prepared using the correct format and set of standards for resumes. Applicants are also expected to use specific keywords related to their profession. This information is very important, so you might consider going to a resume expert for help. Before anything though, you will need some information to build your resume and cover letter. Here is a helpful guide to creating a chronological resume meeting specific standards. These tips will guide you through the steps in writing a good first draft. To gain further expertise, consider taking a course in resume and cover letter writing. Preparing a Resume A resume is the first step in getting a job interview at your targeted company. It must show who you are in a way that will catch people’s attention and make you stand out. Employers often spend only a few seconds looking at a resume before moving on, so make them really want to keep reading. Focus on how you would fit the position and the company rather than just describing your related experience. A cover letter also plays a big role in that process. In most of North America, there are specific sections you must include in a resume and they have to be in a specific order: Contact information Career summary Employment experience Education or professional development Volunteer work, community service, or technical skills (optional and where suitable) Keep the length limited to one to two pages (the majority of professionals have a two-page document). It’s also standard to format both your cover letter and resume into the same document and convert it to a PDF file before submitting. Develop a standard resume and then tailor it based on the position for which you’re applying. The same is true of cover letters. Sections of the Resume Contact Information Your contact information has to be printed clearly at the top of the resume in the header, and it should contain your full name, address and phone number (in Canada), email address, and a link to your Linkedin profile. What you are not required to include is your date of birth, gender, parents’ names, and marital status. (In Canada, it’s not part of the standard format to include this information, and it’s illegal to ask about some of these aspects in an interview.) Your email address should sound professional; you may even want to set up a separate account for job hunting. Career Summary This section is crucial because it’s the employer’s first look at who you are professionally. Write a paragraph or two summarizing your main skills and why you’re right for the position. It should begin with a stated objective and how it pertains to the potential job position or role. This is the place to summarize your past and current experience and your career goals. Employment Experience List each of your past job positions from most to least current. Include the time period you were in the role and your general responsibilities. List (as bullet points) two or three of your main accomplishments within the position. This gives employers a much better idea of your performance and strengths. Notice the difference between â€Å"Management skills in the publishing industry† and â€Å"Successfully managed a large-scale international publishing project, securing a future two-million-dollar contract with the client.† The second statement tells the company much more about what you could accomplish if hired. Below each position, highlight any major projects you completed while you were there. Similar to when you list your overall accomplishments, give one or two brief sentences about what the project entailed and what you personally accomplished. Education or Professional Development Educational degrees or professional development courses should be listed in order with the most recent first, along with the year of completion and the institution you attended. Provide information about awards or distinctions you received and any theses or dissertations you completed. Additional Information Some people like to add a section to their resume outlining volunteer work or community involvement. If it pertains to the position you want, feel free to do this. However, if it’s irrelevant, be careful not to overdo it. Briefly list no more than three or four experiences. If the job youre applying for is a technical position, you could add a section called â€Å"Technical Skills.† Keywords One fairly new development in the world of employment and job searching is the requirement to use keywords specific to your profession in your cover letter and resume. Keywords are search words or terms that employers type into employment websites to look for potential applicants. When your resume includes these keywords, there’s a greater chance that potential employers will see it and contact you. In an interview, those keywords will show them that you have all of the specified job qualifications. Keywords should be spread throughout every section of your resume. If you want to determine what the keywords should be, think about key skills and terms in your profession and look at the specific job advertisement. Pick keywords out of the ad and use them in the resume and cover letter. Those are the words the employer will want to see. Keywords include: school names, names of employers, profession-specific awards, soft skills, foreign languages, job-specific skills and knowledge, job titles, affiliations and union memberships, industry credentials, licenses, degrees, tools, equipment, and technical applications. Hopefully, this guide has helped you put together a solid draft of your resume. If you’re new to a field, consider writing a functional resume that highlights skills rather than experience in a specific area. The next step is to write the perfect cover letter so you can start looking and applying for job opportunities- and get hired! At , we are here to help you with all of your academic needs. In addition to resume writing services, we also provide assistance in academic areas like essay writing and editing and proofreading.

Performance appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Performance appraisal - Essay Example It was asserted that â€Å"among nursing leadership, the nurse manager role has been identified as critical in the provision of high-performing, effective and efficient care in the patient care delivery setting† (Chase, 2010, p. 2). In this regard, the current discourse hereby aims to discuss the role of the contemporary nurse manager in the provision of performance appraisal within one’s particular work context. As such, one has worked in the capacity of a staff nurse in the medical ward for last 10 years and one has been evaluated for the performance of duties and responsibilities on a regular basis. The paper would hereby present, in addition to the perceived role of the nurse manager in performance appraisal, the kind of performance appraisal system that is currently being implemented in one’s health care setting; the benefits and drawbacks of the system; as well as proposed ways to improve the performance appraisal system to benefit the nurses and the organi zation, as a whole. Perceived Roles of Staff Nurse and Nurse Managers in Health Care Setting The role and responsibilities of staff nurses in the medical ward are diverse and requires vast competencies in the application of theoretical frameworks in nursing care. The ability of nurse managers to undertake the required performance evaluation would necessitate comprehensive understanding of these key responsibilities as standards within which the assessment would be based. The standard key responsibilities of staff nurses in medical wards are shown in Table 1, below: Table 1: Key Responsibilities of Staff Nurses in Medical Wards Source: UPMC Beacon Hospital, 2012 Performance management is defined as â€Å"the process of assessing and addressing the difference between required performance and actual performance in the workplace† (Shaw & Blewett, 2013, p. 4). In one’s capacity as staff nurse, performance evaluation was noted to have been regularly conducted, as prescribed by the health institution, once a year. In conjunction with the roles and responsibilities of the nurse manager is the competency in six categories, as presented by the American Hospital Association (AHA), to wit: â€Å"management of clinical nursing practice and patient care delivery; management of human, fiscal, and other resources; development of personnel; compliance with regulatory and professional standards; strategic planning; and fostering interdisciplinary, collaborative relationships within a unit(s) or area(s) of responsibility and the institution as a whole† (AHA, 1992; cited in Chase, 2010, p. 6). The performance appraisal or evaluation falls within the management of human resources where nurse managers are expected to closely assess the ability of nursing staff in undertaking their respective tasks in the delivery of health care. Thus, with the clearly identified key responsibilities, performance evaluation is accurately undertaken by nurse managers following th e characteristics and principles for an effective approach (Drach-Zahavy & Dagan, 2002; Contino, 2004; Hudson, 2006). Characteristics and Principles for an Effective Performance Appraisal Approach Shaw & Blewett (2013) have identified principles to adhere to ensure that an effective performance appraisal system is undertaken within the health care environment. The following principles were explicitly noted: (1) it should be regular and timely; (2) the orientation or main objective is for improvement of performance; (3) conformity to

Conducting training sessions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conducting training sessions - Essay Example Task D (printing of handout copies), will only commence after training materials (task B) shall have been developed, hence it depends on task B. At the same time, task E (developing PowerPoint slides) also depends on task B, hence, will only commence after task B is completed. However, task D and E are concurrent since they can take place or commence at the same time. After developing PowerPoint slides (task D), one can go ahead to conduct a practice training session (task F). However, task F cannot be carried out before task D, hence task F is dependent on task D. Lastly, to conduct user training sessions (task G), task C (confirming of arrangement of training facility), task D (printing of handout copies) and task F (conducting practice training sessions) must have been completed. It means therefore that, task G is dependent on task C, task D and task F. The critical path therefore is when the project comes from task A to C to G. this is the longest path that the project can take to a successful completion. It will take a total of 15 days for the training session to come from the start all through to completion. However, the project can take other alternative shorter routes like go through rout 1 and 2 above which take 11 days and 13 days

Public administration-politics dichotomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public administration-politics dichotomy - Essay Example His intension was to protect administration from political interference. He further indicated that administrations and politics are two distinct disciplines. His main concern was the influence that politics had on administration (Wilson, 1887). He argued that the plans of the government are not administrative and so the two should be kept apart. He later realized that the two cannot be kept apart and embraced dichotomy and agreed that they should be used to improve policies. Public administration dichotomy means that public administrators should be involved in policy processes and politicians should also be involved in administrative processes (Wilson, 1966). Other authors of public administration like (Yang and Hozler, 2005) agreed that administration should be used to protect politics and democracy from its own excesses. Another public administration proponent of the separation of public administration and politics was Goodnow who was of the opinion that politics had a strong effec t on public administration. Separating politics and public administration has not been achievable and the debate to keep the two apart continues. However the reality is that they influence each other. According to (Overeem, 2005), the dichotomy between public administration and politics mean that public administrators be politically neutral. Public administration should be impartial and not get involved in politics and its controversies. The insistence on the separation of public administration and politics lays emphasis on specialization and order in policy making and government administration. Since public administration and politics cannot be kept apart, they can be dichotomized in five ways; there has to be a distinction between policy and management, extend it from the inner workings of the government to the political body, keeping administration from political control, call for

VAT Tax - Theory of Levying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

VAT Tax - Theory of Levying - Essay Example The main advantage of VAT is the cascading type tax (CTT); the biggest limitation from a CTT to a VAT is the ability of an increase in inflation. A book, The Modern VAT was published in 2001 by the International Monetary Fund and it defines VAT as "A broad-based tax levied on commodity sales up to and including, at least, the manufacturing stage, with systematic offsetting of tax charged on commodities purchased as inputs -- except perhaps on capital goods -- against that due on outputs." India and the US, two of the worlds democracies, don't have VAT system because the idea behind the VAT is system is a tax to end all taxes, but other countries that have VAT don't levy entry or luxury duty. If the prices of stock transfer goods increase then the impact of the VAT system would be, the "Denial of tax credit in respect of inter-state stock transfers will prejudice investment in less developed states or states with relatively small 'internal' markets." Then every state government with the VAT system would have a draft law that wouldn't allow VAT already paid off elsewhere. Tax experts now state that the price of consumer goods is increasing by 15-20%. The ministry of finance and state admin of tax posted a notice about the increase on electronically products in 1998, which caused the VAT to increase from 9% to 11%. The VAT rate for textiles is 15%, for the sale/import of most goods is 17%, and 13% for vegetable oil, natural gas, and chemical fertilizer. An organization that makes taxable goods have 7% tax (inclusive of government taxes), this is the majority of businesses. Some goods have a 0% VAT, in this case the supplies does not collect the tax, but can put a recovery on its input tax. Some 0% VAT items are: Exported goods Services provided in locally but used overseas Services of international transportation by air and sea. Ministry, Department, Local Government or public enterprises sales Sale of goods and services to the United Nation Sale of goods and services from one warehouse or enterprise to another. The taxpayers net tax is calculated and the beginning of each month that credits the amount of VAT paid on inventories, capital goods or raw materials that were for sale or in the process of consumption during the on the versus the total amount of VAT due on for the goods or services in the same months. (Input Tax vs. Output Tax). What are VAT exemptions There are 10 categories that are excluded of the VAT tax, but keep in mind that a trader under any of these exemptions can't use input tax credits. Some exemptions are as follows: small entrepreneurs, unprocessed farm products (fertilizer, pesticides etc), newspapers, magazines, textbooks, domestic and international transport, health and educational and medical services, libraries and museum services, religious services and charity Tax Invoice The VAT-payers have to issue tax invoices to show the details of the value of goods sold. An invoice is necessary because it is evidence of input tax for the taxpayers that buy goods. A tax invoice consists of: An obvious mention of 'TAX INVOICE' on the paper the name, address, and tax identification number of the issuer;and the purchaser The serial numbers of the tax invoice and the tax invoice book the type, category, quantity, and value of the goods or serv

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR - RESTORATIVE JUSTICE VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION, Essay

CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR - RESTORATIVE JUSTICE VICTIM OFFENDER MEDIATION, POSITIVE IMPACT, CONSIDERATION OF VICTIMS IN CJS, NEGATIVE IMPACT, DOES RESTORATIVE JUSTIC - Essay Example Punishment and penal institutions, which, ideally, should be the answer to this malady, seem to produce an angrier, undesirable convicts more likely to become recidivists. Judicial systems and policy makers are, thus, under public pressure to find alternatives to traditional justice systems. Ruth Morris (1994) explains that a shift to alternative models is practical because, first, it is expensive to maintain prisons and finally, incarceration and punishment is unjust and immoral. â€Å"Our retributive justice system is based on a spirit of revenge which does not satisfy the primary healthy needs of victims, offenders, or society.† (Morris, 1994) One of the emergent alternatives to traditional justice systems is the restorative justice model. Currently, it is being integrated and used in criminal justice systems of some countries like the United Kingdom. Restorative justice, according to Les Davey, Director Real Justice United Kingdom and Ireland (March 2005), are the processes that respond to crime and wrongdoing by involving victims, offenders and their communities of care, that is, their family and friends. â€Å"Restorative Justice centers around hearing what harm a crime has caused, and finding the best way to address that harm.† (Mediation) Paul McCold, et. al. (May, 1998) coined the words â€Å"full restorative† if all the participants are involved in the process, â€Å"mostly restorative† if there are two stakeholders and â€Å"partly restorative† if there is only one party involved. â€Å"Restorative justice sometimes happens in the context of a courtroom, and sometimes within a community or nonprofit organization. In the courtroom, the process might look like this: For petty or first-time offenses, a case may be referred to restorative justice as a pretrial diversion, with charges being dismissed after fulfillment of the restitution agreement. In more

VAT Tax - Theory of Levying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

VAT Tax - Theory of Levying - Essay Example The main advantage of VAT is the cascading type tax (CTT); the biggest limitation from a CTT to a VAT is the ability of an increase in inflation. A book, The Modern VAT was published in 2001 by the International Monetary Fund and it defines VAT as "A broad-based tax levied on commodity sales up to and including, at least, the manufacturing stage, with systematic offsetting of tax charged on commodities purchased as inputs -- except perhaps on capital goods -- against that due on outputs." India and the US, two of the worlds democracies, don't have VAT system because the idea behind the VAT is system is a tax to end all taxes, but other countries that have VAT don't levy entry or luxury duty. If the prices of stock transfer goods increase then the impact of the VAT system would be, the "Denial of tax credit in respect of inter-state stock transfers will prejudice investment in less developed states or states with relatively small 'internal' markets." Then every state government with the VAT system would have a draft law that wouldn't allow VAT already paid off elsewhere. Tax experts now state that the price of consumer goods is increasing by 15-20%. The ministry of finance and state admin of tax posted a notice about the increase on electronically products in 1998, which caused the VAT to increase from 9% to 11%. The VAT rate for textiles is 15%, for the sale/import of most goods is 17%, and 13% for vegetable oil, natural gas, and chemical fertilizer. An organization that makes taxable goods have 7% tax (inclusive of government taxes), this is the majority of businesses. Some goods have a 0% VAT, in this case the supplies does not collect the tax, but can put a recovery on its input tax. Some 0% VAT items are: Exported goods Services provided in locally but used overseas Services of international transportation by air and sea. Ministry, Department, Local Government or public enterprises sales Sale of goods and services to the United Nation Sale of goods and services from one warehouse or enterprise to another. The taxpayers net tax is calculated and the beginning of each month that credits the amount of VAT paid on inventories, capital goods or raw materials that were for sale or in the process of consumption during the on the versus the total amount of VAT due on for the goods or services in the same months. (Input Tax vs. Output Tax). What are VAT exemptions There are 10 categories that are excluded of the VAT tax, but keep in mind that a trader under any of these exemptions can't use input tax credits. Some exemptions are as follows: small entrepreneurs, unprocessed farm products (fertilizer, pesticides etc), newspapers, magazines, textbooks, domestic and international transport, health and educational and medical services, libraries and museum services, religious services and charity Tax Invoice The VAT-payers have to issue tax invoices to show the details of the value of goods sold. An invoice is necessary because it is evidence of input tax for the taxpayers that buy goods. A tax invoice consists of: An obvious mention of 'TAX INVOICE' on the paper the name, address, and tax identification number of the issuer;and the purchaser The serial numbers of the tax invoice and the tax invoice book the type, category, quantity, and value of the goods or serv

Evidence Based Medicine in General Practice Essay

Evidence Based Medicine in General Practice - Essay Example As the report declares EBM endeavors to illuminate those elements of medical practice that are in principle subject to scientific methods and put these methodological functions to enhance eminent forecast of upshots in medical healing, even as discussion about which results are enviable persists. This discussion stresses that a clerical anthropological line of attack was employed to analyze inter-reliance with reference to the healthcare teamwork. This line of attack is embedded on the function of ethnographic fieldwork by means of participant observation. Corporations are conceptualized as a civilizing phenomenon with their own edifying principles and models that stipulate the traits of workers. Ethnography approach has been widely employed in health management reviews. It is viewed as a way of accessing beliefs and traditions enhancing these to be conceived in the context in which they occur and aiding the understanding of traits of actors. The opinion polls were conducted for a period of 6 months with 30 interrogations involving doctors as well as nurses that are group participants in hospice sections; this include functional rooms, intensive care units as well as ward areas in a colossal teaching hospice in Australia. Precise cataloguing was employed. Scholars employed se mi-configured opinion polls and contestant inspection. Those that were interviewed consist of surgeons, anaesthetists, nurse overseers, and foster clinicians. (Jassawalla, A.R., Sashittal, H.C, 1999). Methodology Methodology is the selection of the variety and type of data and information to gather, method of analyzing the data and information and the target group or audience from the data is to be gathered. There are various types of methodologies that can be used for the data collection, collation and compilation of the research. The importance of methodology in an approach to acquire relative data in regard evidence based medicine from the general practitioners point of view. The hypothesis revolving around any topic can be better analysed through the data on which it is built. There cannot be any investigation without hypothesis. Hypothesis defines the aims and objectives of an investigation and leads to the development of sound methodology. Phenomenology is one of the methodologies used in philosophical research which was first used by mathematician Edmund Husserl. The core of this methodology includes use of reflective techniques of 'bracketing' and 'reduction' to unveil the data which is actually required by the researchers. A wide range of literature analysis offered the hypothetical construction against which the examination stretched out. Since this review is beyond being innovative, it is however, not probable to establish a direct comparison that flanks the results and the findings carried from preceding lessons, (Wadland WC, Barry et al 1999). Whereas there are copious studies that feature obstruction to engaging with the EBM replica of concern, there exist incongruity in their approaches and interpretative line is oriented on borderline arguments as barricades that trounce; treatment discrepancy at the bottom line if often the

Failure Of Materials Essay Example for Free

Failure Of Materials Essay Failure of materials is an analysis in engineering world, to approach and determining about how and why a materials has failed, like iron bar, why it can crocked or porous. Some general causes of failure are structural leading, wear corrosion and latent defects. Failure of materials must be known by an engineer, safety is the first word when engineer working building structure. They can not take random about materials that is used. They must know strength, flexibility, and endure of materials. For adding, with developing and updating software or research that had be done by company, we’ll more easy to know the characteristic of materials that we use. TYPICAL OF FAILURE OF MATERIALS Fatigue Failures Metal fatigue is caused by repeated cycling of the load below its static yield strength. It is a progressive localized damage due to fluctuating stresses and strains on the material. Metal fatigue cracks initiate and propagate in regions where the strain is most severe. The process of fatigue consists of three stages Initial crack initiation, Progressive crack growth across the part, and Final sudden fracture of the remaining cross section. Corrosion Failures Corrosion is chemically induced damage to a material that results in deterioration of the material and its properties. It is most coming from environment. Corrosion is normal, it is can not be removed, but can be minimized with several strategy like proper choice of material, design, coatings, and occasionally by changing the environment. Various types of metallic and nonmetallic coatings are regularly used to protect metal parts from corrosion. If corrosion can be minimized, materials be able to use and more advantage. Ductile and Brittle Metal Failures Ductile metals experience observable plastic deformation prior to fracture. Brittle metals experience little or no plastic deformation prior to fracture. At times metals behave in a transitional manner partially ductile/brittle. Ductile fracture is characterized by tearing of metal and significant plastic deformation. The ductile fracture may have a gray, fibrous appearance. Ductile fractures are associated with overload of the structure or large discontinuities. High Temperature Failures In physics theory, when a materials is being warm, they will expand than original size. We know about boilers, gas turbine engines, and ovens are some of the systems that have components that experience creep.   An understanding of high temperature materials behavior is beneficial Failures involving creep are usually easy to identify due to the deformation that occurs. Failures may appear ductile or brittle. While creep testing is done at constant temperature and constant load actual components may experience damage at various temperatures and loading conditions. in evaluating failures in these types of systems. High temperature progressive deformation of a material at constant stress is called creep. High temperature is a relative term that is dependent on the materials being evaluated. Liquid Metal   and Hydrogen embitterment Failures   Liquid metal embitterment is the decrease in ductility of a metal caused by contact with liquid metal. The decrease in ductility can result in catastrophic brittle failure of a normally ductile material. Very small amounts of liquid metal are sufficient to result in embitterment. The liquid metal can not only reduce the ductility but significantly reduce tensile strength. Liquid metal embitterment is an insidious type of failure as it can occur at loads below yield stress. Thus, catastrophic failure can occur without significant deformation or obvious deterioration of the component. Hydrogen embitterment failures are frequently unexpected and sometimes catastrophic. An externally applied load is not required as the tensile stresses may be due to residual stresses in the material. The threshold stresses to cause cracking are commonly below the yield stress of the material. Very small amounts of hydrogen can cause hydrogen embitterment in high strength steels. Common causes of hydrogen embitterment are pickling, electroplating and welding, however hydrogen embitterment is not limited to these processes. There are causes of materials failure, but not disease that not have medicine. Every materials that we use have a protection, protection come from our knowledge about characteristic of materials as chemical composition, using guide or calculation and appointment the materials for our structure. Addition, many factory,   metal – producing majority, also publish list of their product that have content about characteristic ( strength, elasticity, endure and treatment). Bibliography Omens, J. H., MacKenna, D. A., and McCulloch, A. D. Measurement of Strain and Analysis of Stress in Resting Rat Left Ventricular Myocardium.   J. Biomech Press,1993. TCR Engineering Services Technical Team. White Paper: Investigating Material and Component Failure.   TCR Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. India, 2004. Haut Donahue, T. L., Gregersen, C., Hull, M. L., and Howell, S. M. Comparison of Viscoelastic, Structural, and Material Properties. ASME, 1994.

Space Tourism: A Look In The Past And Future

Space Tourism: A Look In The Past And Future Space tourism is tourism in which participants pay for flights into space. Space Tourism is the term thats come to be used to mean ordinary members of the public buying tickets to travel to space and back. Many people find this idea futuristic. But over the past few years a growing volume of professional work has been done on the subject, and its now clear that setting up commercial space tourism services is a realistic target for business today. Its a distinct category of space travel which also includes travel in space for work purposes to date, mainly by government staff. In recent years it has been observed that, although governmental space agencies are not interested in space tourism, it is an objective of development of space activities and will help considerably in funding the space operations or activity. A report published by NASA General Public Space Travel and Tourism in March 1998, endorses the idea of space tourism; pointed out that it is going to start sub-orbital flights; that it promises to be a much wider market that space launch. Although space tourism had come up in a number of science fiction stories, it is an astonishing fact that in almost none of them, tourism is portrayed as more than a small-scale activity greatly overshadowed by government space missions military operations, scientific research, defence, etc. This is a good example of how the Cold War pattern of space activities has paralyzed the publics imagination. That is, government organizations carrying out monopoly missions in space ostensibly for the benefit of the taxpayer and created a fixed image of what are space activities, which has dominated the imaginations of scientists and engineers, politicians, the media, and the general public for several decades. The price for a flight to the International Space Station is US$ 20-35 million. The space tourists or the spaceflight participants as called by few, usually sign contracts with third parties to conduct particular research while in orbit. This helps to minimize the expenses. Infrastructure is being developed for a suborbital space tourism industry through the construction of spaceports in various parts of the world, including California, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Florida, Virginia, Alaska, Wisconsin and Esrange in Sweden as well as the United Arab Emirates. Some prefer to use the term personal spaceflight as in the case of the Personal Spaceflight Federation. A number of startup companies have sprung up in recent years, hoping to create a space tourism industry. For a list of such companies, and the spacecraft they are currently building, see list of space tourism companies. Russia halted orbital space tourism since 2010 due to the increase in the International Space Station crew size, using the seats for expedition crews that would be sold to paying spaceflight participants. However it is planned to resume in 2012, when the number of single-use three-man Soyuz launches rises to five flights in a year. Dispute over the terminology of space tourists Dennis Tito, Mark Shuttleworth, Gregory Olsen, Anousheh Ansari and Richard Garriott have conveyed their desire to be called something other than space tourist. The reason accorded was that they carried out scientific experiments as part of their journey. Garriott has expressed his opinion to be called as private cosmonaut or private astronaut. Tito prefers to be known as an independent researcher and there are many terminologies proposed by others as well. Charles Simonyi is the only one who seems to have no issues about calling it space tourism. However, it is important to note here that even the Outer Space Treaty or the other relevant conventions do not provide with an appropriate definition. NASA and the Russian Federal Space Agency have agreed to use the term spaceflight participant to distinguish space travelers from astronauts on missions coordinated by the two agencies. There is a notion that space tourism has a potential of being burgeoning industry that could further the development and settlement of space and so a need to settle the objections on terminology. Growth of an Early Dream: Harnessing Potential The economic promise of space tourism has been discussed in some detail in earlier papers. Its potential to grow into a large-scale airline-like business was described in 1986  [1]  . Based on a wide range of related research that has been published in the intervening 20 years, the potentially important economic benefits were described with detailed supporting evidence in 2006  [2]  . The major points are summarized briefly here. The 2001 orbital flight by Dennis Tito on a Soyuz rocket demonstrated the remarkable fact that, despite having spent the equivalent of $1 trillion since the same type of rocket launched the first satellite in 1957, the government space agencies of the OECD have not reduced the cost of getting to space at all in half a century. Soyuz remains the cheapest and safest means of space travel. The 2004 flights of SpaceShipOne further demonstrated that sub-orbital flights could be made at a cost of about 1% of the expendable rockets used by space agencies, and that commercial passenger services could in principle have started in the early 1970s, if not earlier. From the economic point of view this would have been very desirable, creating new industries and employment. Consequently it is clear that governments space policies have been responsible for a delay of 40 years so far in exploiting space travel economically. Studies by Asford and Collins  [3]  , the Japanese Rocket Society ( JRS)  [4]  , the Space Transportation Association (STA) and NASA  [5]  , Ashford  [6]  , Bekey  [7]   Futron (for NASA)  [8]  and others have increasingly showed that space travel could grow into a large new business activity; that it could reduce the cost of traveling to orbit by 99% or more; and that this could lead on to other valuable activities such as CO2-free energy supply from space  [9]  . Reducing launch costs sharply would also enable large-scale economic development in space, contributing greatly to the resolution of global environmental problems, and removing the justification for resource wars by making the limitless resources of space economically accessible. It could also have important cultural benefits  [10]  . It is also important to recognize that, from an economic or business point of view, the space industry is today very unhealthy. Employment in rocket engineering in the USA fell from more than 28,000 in 1999 to less than 5,000 in 2002  [11]  , while European space industry employment fell by 20% from 1995 to 2005  [12]  . The bottom line is that, like any other industry, unless the space industry starts to supply services that can grow to be sufficiently popular with sufficiently large numbers of the general public to reach substantial economic scale, it cannot become a major commercial activity, and will continue to impose a heavy burden on taxpayers. Accruing Benefits: Advantages Research benefits For one it is an important to discuss as to why so much emphasis is given on space tourism and the purpose of space tourism. Space development, exploration as well as cultural renewal is the prospect of space tourism. The Space agencies have sufficient justification to contribute greatly to the development of space tourism, since it is their existing legal responsibility or the duty to encourage the commercial use of space. Such agencies could contribute in different ways which are closely related to their existing fields of work, which include appropriate research, technology development, education, and legal activities. The space agencies could possibly contribute through their research to short-term orbital stays by average people, treatment of minor-ailments in gravity and so on.  [13]   Till date no government space agency has provided more than minimal support for space tourism-related research, the resistance within space agencies is still far stronger than those favoring such efforts. This reluctance of government space agencies has adversely affected the budgets allocated to such activities which include space tourism. However, this situation is fast changing due to two ongoing trends. First is the worsening economic situation which has led to the increasing need for development of new industries to reduce world-wide unemployment. Thus there is a lot of economic potential in such commercial activities which should be beneficially utilized.  [14]   And secondly the participation of private players in space tourism activities is educating the public about such economically very valuable new space activities that could be developed without burdening space agencies budgets. Economic benefits Under democracy and capitalism, if there is substantial demand for a particular service which is not threatening to some sections of society, people and agencies freely supply it. However, the development of commercial space activities like space tourism services will provide great economic and social benefits for humanity than any business opportunity because of its potential to grow as large as aviation and even more.  [15]   It has been reported that many of those involved in government-funded space activities and also politicians view space tourism as a waste of money and resources or not worth investing in because the return on investment may be very low.  [16]  Tragically, space agencies themselves rather than the general public decide what technology is developed. As a result space activities remain a burden on taxpayers instead of a source of profit for the economy and the public loses interest in any kind of space development. This is a serious fallacy because in future such space tourism services have the potential to become a popular new branch of the leisure and travel industry with the help of advanced aerospace technology, the economic effects of the growth of such activities will be very positive, not only for companies but also for world economic progress and society as a whole. Moreover under its influence, space development will resume its natural meaning of economic development in space, instead of its present meaning of development of government-selected technology and there use in space, generally without economic benefit. Challenges Confronting Space Tourism Commercial space activities today are mainly limited to communications, broadcasting and observation satellites. The decline in the commercial demand for satellites has lead to contraction of the commercial space industry and also to the need to develop new space markets if the space industry is to grow. Since there is no other space activity that offers any greater potential for growth, space agencies anti-space tourism stand is growing increasingly untenable. Thus in line we have certain challenges that again pose a threat to the development and growth of space tourism. Cost is one of the biggest challenges as such space travel by tourists is limited only to rich people till now. OECD space agencies have spent approximately $1 trillion since 1961 without any reduction in the cost of getting to space at all. This clearly reveals that space agencies have not been trying to cut the cost of getting to space. The fact is that the space agencies do not know how the cost of space flight can fall, because they have not studied the possibility. This strongly suggests that the cost of access to space as performed by space agencies in orders of magnitude is higher than it needs to be.  [17]  As further evidence of this, NASA is proposing to expend $14 billion for developing an expendable capsule of comparable capability to the Apollo capsule 40 years before, though possibly carrying more passengers. This vehicle would have a cost many times high er than Soyuz and would have no economic value.  [18]   As a consequence, unless they accept that there is an urgent need to reduce costs as far as technology allows, and to observe space tourism as the only activity that offers to link the economic energy of consumer spending on space development, space agencies role in the future development and exploration of space is likely to shrink progressively. Ultimately, by reducing the cost of space activities, the development of space travel will lead to the permanent and progressive expansion of human culture into space However; this will also require institutional change. As already discussed that space agencies focus more on development of satellites and the recent decline of commercial demand for satellites has led to rapid contraction of the space industry, of which the annual revenues are now barely 2% of the $1 trillion of cumulative expenditure made by OECD space agencies to date.  [19]  Thus it has become a strong notion that the agencies spend every year on space activities which are neither profitable nor lead to development of commercial space activities. In summary, space agencies negative stance is not economically justifiable; it is based on political calculation. Thus any kind of political considerations as well as stance of politicians play a vital role in discouraging such activities. So all this needs to change and the space agencies should remember their statutory responsibilities. Insurance Industry and Space Activities Linked As space tourism matures, it shows a picture of tremendous opportunity for insurance companies to offer coverage to space travelers, a much similar activity to what they carry out in airlines. Neither in space law or air law has the contract of insurance been regulated on an international level. Space Insurance has, however been available from private sources from a number of years. Space Insurance concerns especially communication satellites. The first insurance satellite contract, written for Intesats Early Bird in 1965, provided pre launch coverage. Pre-launch coverage will cover risk associated with the manufacturing and transport of satellites, but cover for the launch itself is also available. The two forms may include the risk of loss or damage to the space object and the risk of loss or damage to the on-board equipment. Regarding the insurance of spacecraft, I would like observe the following: insurers play a very important role, reducing the financial risk, which will make p arties more willing to finance spacecraft. The problem is that the companies would like to see the result first  [20]  . International conference on space business, was organized as part of Bengaluru Space Expo 2010, where speakers scrutinized that since Yuri Gagarins flight in 1961, 38 citizens from all over the globe have flown in space. Most of the individuals till date who have flown either were astronauts, military personnel or scientists who have been expensively and extensively trained, but as of now, one will also see the emergence of space tourism with space access for private individuals. S Ramakrishnan, Director of ISROs Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre, said that apart from satellite and space launching sector, personal space flights, space tourism and other space tourism activities are emerging as a possible market for insurance industry. Ramakrishnan referred to the successful Spaceship-I venture, and the Spaceship-II which is expected to take place shortly. These initiatives are currently being catered to only select people who enjoy the adventure spirit; they are perhaps paving the way for possible sub-orbital trans-atmospheric passenger and cargo transportation systems with commercial potential in not too distant future. At a session on risk management for space ventures, it was pointed out that risk cover in space tourism is possible, and something we can imagine. It was also pointed by Ramakrishnan as to the change in policy direction in USA-NASA in handing over of the earth orbit transportation sector to private sector, which has also been taking separate and promotional initiatives in this regard. As space tourism matures into personal space transportation system, it can be foreseen that what happened in beginning of the airline business (when insurance players started offering insurance cover for passengers) is taking the same turn in space tourism. Executive vice-president of ISB, Tim Wakeman, speaking on risk and insurance solutions for space ventures in the 21st century, said, within India, the space industry is thriving and contributing around `10,000 crore(`100 billion) per annum to the Indian economy. He said it is a good time to buy insurance for spacecraft as market conditions are favorable with premium rates declining and availability of insurance capacity is going up three-four times the demand. While space venture promises huge returns with an evolving sector, the execution risks are far too high. Risks involved in space sector are related to industrial, technological, commercial, financial, legal and in particular, insurance. Officials said that the time is ripe to share the risks and returns with other stakeholders who plan to enter business in space activities. Also it was said that despite the recent economic depression, the global space industry remains robust and healthy, United States decision to emphasize on commercial resupply of the International Space Station and reallocation of fiscal resources from Space Shuttle or manned space to earth observations and exploration. Indias space industry is registering explosive growth, with many opportunities for indigenous and foreign suppliers to help further develop the countrys communications and positioning, among other things. The above statement was made by Tom Captain, vice-chairman, Deloitte LLP, Global Aerospace Defence Sector Leader. A report released by CII-Antrix-Deloitte during the conference said the spending in space activities is expected to increase by an average of 14.8 per cent annually in India over the next four years and estimated to be `10,000 crore (`100 billion) by 2014. India is ranked sixth currently; globally in terms of technological capabilities and space budget, behind the US, Europe, Japan, Russia and China, as mentioned in a New India Space Market Study. Legal Regulations concerning Commercial Activities in space In near future space tourism will become the domain of private enterprises. However, commercial activities not necessarily need non-governmental or private participation. But for some reason it is the private enterprises that have supported the idea of space tourism until now. Space Tourism revolves around public interest and public welfare which in turn creates a tremendous need for manpower. Thus the states should support and provide adequate platform to private enterprises. Now a big that follows is which law will govern such private enterprises carrying out such activities. National law and International law both can be made applicable. Here we will be focusing only on international regulations that govern such entities. However, this takes place in an indirect way i.e. government and non-government bodies sometimes delegate certain tasks on private enterprise, Therefore the legal conditions regarding private activities in outer space have to be examined. Relevant Space Law treaties, Agreement and Conventions. Outer Space Treaty of 1967 The Outer Space Treaty is taken as the backbone of international space law. When the said Treaty was created and came to force there was no clue as to direct private activities in outer space. Nevertheless the Outer Space Treaty does not disregard private activities in outer space altogether. Art. VI and IX of Outer Space Treaty can be referred in this context. Moreover Art. I of the treaty mention the freedom principle and include the right of free access, the right of free exploration, and the right of free use. This freedom is only granted to the States.  [21]   United Nations has also deliberated on this issue through its resolution 1962(XVIII) of the General Assembly entitled Declaration on Legal Principles Governing Activities of States in the exploration and use of Outer Space. On the same lines Soviets have also proposed that all activities of any kind pertaining to the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out solely and exclusively by States.  [22]   The Outer Space Treaty also stipulates the principle of exploration and use of outer space and so space tourism comes within the scope of use in this context. It is important to note here that no provision in the treaty mentions commercial. Art. VIII of Outer Space Treaty gives jurisdiction, ownership and control over the space object and its personnel in outer space into states hands. Although the Outer Space Treaty mainly discusses States Parties it has a ruling effect on such activities by private enterprises. Art. VI of Outer Space Treaty stipulates a national State responsibility for outer-space-activities carried either by a governmental or private organization.  [23]  Thus risks of space tourism could finally fall on states and they can be held liable. Such a legal situation is not satisfying for the State Parties or for the private enterprises engaged in space tourism. Liability Convention The Liability Convention was created as a consequence of Art. VI Outer Space Treaty i.e. the responsibility-principle. Art. II of the Liability Convention makes the launching state absolutely liable to pay compensation for any kind of damage caused by its space object on the earth surface or to aircraft in flight.  [24]  Article III of liability convention and IV of Outer Space Treaty provide that if the damage is caused elsewhere other than the surface of the earth, the launching state shall be only liable in case the damage is due to its fault or the fault of persons for whom it is responsible which covers non-governmental entities as well. The launching state is absolutely liable and is liable in different degrees of fault, but in final consequence the state is liable for damage caused by a private enterprise.  [25]   This adversely affects space tourism as the states refuse to allow private enterprises to perform space tourism, or that states set up exaggerated requirements. However, the Liability Convention must be considered as insufficient with regard the aspect of settlement of claims. Therefore it is suggested that the potentially unlimited liability of states mentioned in liability convention should be replaced by an international agreement that stipulates a limited and guaranteed maximum-amount-liability for such activities. Registration Convention 1975 The Registration Convention has two main functions i.e. to coordinate launches and to ensure identification of the launching state in respect of the Liability Convention. Private enterprises that want to carry out space tourism have to comply with this procedure. The problem occurs when a launching state is not a Member State of the Registration Convention. Thus this problem needs to be resolved for avoiding any kind of conflict.  [26]   Further in line we have the Moon Agreement and the Rescue Agreement that can also be referred while dealing with the legal issues involved in space tourism. Taking into consideration the present situation where there is no specific law that deals particularly with space tourism and at the same time presence of insufficient laws on outer space make the situation worse. Thus there is an immediate need to enact legislation for commercial activities in outer space such that states supervise the outer-space-activities of their governmental organizations or private enterprises. Another solution is to create an international treaty that grants an equal standardization and leads to more transparency and reliability for private enterprises in space tourism or any other commercial activity in outer space. Environment concerns Environmental concerns in case of space tourism cannot be avoided and is a big area of concern. Space-touristic traffic can have an effect on the environment on earth. However, newly-developed transport-systems which resemble more like aircrafts will work more efficiently and therefore less polluting. Art. IX of Outer Space Treaty also talks about the preservation of celestial bodies environment that might be interfered by space tourism. Accumulation of debris can also pollute the outer space environment.  [27]   Thus keeping in mind the common-heritage-principle space tourism has to comply with environmental standards. Conclusion Humans have outgrown the Earth several decades ago. Now it is time to correct the view that deceived both government and the public into believing the myth that space is a barrier rather than being full of opportunities. There are prospects in future for the start of sub-orbital passenger space flight operations from newly- developed commercial spaceports. Thus in order to maximize the benefits of this opportunity the public in many countries have to compel their governments to make relevant institutional changes which are needed to overcome the long stagnation of space activities maintained by the space agencies only and their clients who profit from present arrangements. Space tourism contains aspects of space transportation, manned space flight, and commercialization of outer space. Considering the loopholes in the existing laws there is an immediate need for a regulation, be it a treaty, to deal and cover conflicts and disputes that may arise. On these lines, there have been efforts made to create an agreement, to mention one, e.g. the Draft Convention on Manned Space Flight. Moreover, the approach of international space law needs to be properly re-defined and reconsidered to enable private enterprises to directly perform such commercial activities. The time has come to recognize that, far from being an eccentric or even misguided fringe activity, space travel and tourism should already be the mainstream and it would have been but for the huge economic and social deviations caused by the cold war. But instead of being the passive victims of history specifically of unfortunate incidents such as the cold war which destroyed vast quantities of resources, killed millions of people, and seriously stunned the development of the space industry to turn the focus on missiles and expendable launch vehicles developed from them. Initially this increased the rate of development of expendable rockets capable of delivering heavy payloads to orbit, and thereby increased the rate of first crewed flights to orbit. The after effect of this, was, that, civilian space activities based on expendable vehicles became a victim of cold war politics, and are still dominated by government space agencies political agendas, rather than generating economic value. The growth of Space Tourism Movement, which can be reasonably called so, is going to have a huge beneficial cultural effect, which will widen human horizons as appropriate for the 21st century. Under its influence, space development is going to resume its original meaning of economic development in space, instead of its present meaning of development of government-selected technology for use in space, generally without economic benefit. And the space age will have its original meaning of the period when people go to space as passengers, customers, employees, operators, managers and tenants but for government employees. As such, tourism is not going to be just a small part of future space activity, a small-scale activity even made smaller by government space agencies it is going to be the mainstream and highlighted space activity. Already it should have been the main focus of the government agencies by now. It is an extraordinary and a non performing idea that private citizens trave ling to and from space should not be the main activity in space. The idea that government knows better than the general public as to how their money should be spent is fundamentally a Soviet one  [28]  . But even after consuming $1 trillion on government space activities with no commensurate economic benefit to taxpayers, it is high time for the general public to insist that this mistaken policy be reframed and their demands be made significant to space development, as they are in aviation industry. Research Methodology: Impact of US Press on Pakistan Research Methodology: Impact of US Press on Pakistan CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY APPROACHES Qualitative Qualitative research is exploratory, and it is used when we don’t know what to suppose, to describe the problem or develop a slant to the problem. It’s also used to go deeper into issues of interest and explore tones related to the problem at hand. Common data collection methods used in qualitative research is focus groups, in-depth interviews, continuous observation, bulletin boards, and ethnographic contribution/observation. Qualitative methods that pronounce the properties of an event associated to the creator, or by using the expressive interpretations of ironic experience. Qualitative researchers, through the participants own reference frame social phenomenon is dedicated to considerate and investigation of how the world experience. Qualitative methods is a basic feature of human communication language will persist and as close as possible to the interpretation and understanding of a key in the map. Common qualitative methods, participatory action research, interview, observation, and qualitative case study (Evans, 2007). QuantitativeQuantitative research is conclusive research in its determination as it attempts to measure the problem and understand how predominant it is by looking for projectable results to a larger population. In Quantitative research we collect data through surveys (online, phone, paper), assessments, points of consumption and click-streams. Quantitative research is systematic empirical study of social phenomena through statistical, numerical data or computational techniques, and mathematical. The determination of quantitative research is to produce and apply mathematical models, theories and/or assumptions pertaining to phenomena. In quantitative research procedure of measurements necessary because it creates the association among empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships. Quantitative data is every data that is in mathematical form such as statistics, percentages, etc. (Lisa, 2008). In the field of media studies, analysis of framing can be a place where discourse analysis and content analysis, typically by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. (Neuendorf, 2002). In fact, main purpose of this study is to investigate the US Policy towards Pakistan and India and framing in American newspapers therefore researcher used qualitative as well as quantitative approach to analyze the inclination of US press towards Pakistan and India in the selected newspapers. For this purpose researcher used content analysis as method of study. Qualitative content analysis is a difficult and critical procedure for examining or evaluating the written material. This means that results covering a wide range of qualities have been attained using the method.Content analysis is a broadly used qualitative research technique. (Potter Levine-Donnerstein, 1999;Sandelowski, 1995a, Hsiehand Shannon, 2005) Content Analysis: Content analysis is a quantitative, systematic, and objective technique for describing the evident content of communications (Berelson, 1952). RESEARCH QUESTIONS This study will examine the inclusion of American press towards Pakistan and India in the US Editorial study, Studied the two leading US Newspapers the New York Times and the Washington Post. The reasons for the selection of these newspapers are the prestigious and leading newspapers of US. It is also said that these newspaper are the medium of expression of the American policy. Both newspapers have a strong professional reputation covering almost all of the important issues of the country as well as the important issues of the world. The main questions of the Study are: What are the impacts of the American press relevant to the Issues of Pakistan in their inclination towards India? What are the impacts of the American press related to the Issues in Pakistan in their inclination towards Pakistan? Research Design Hansen Cottle (1998) propose that researchers should not only consider which the most appropriate method for their study is but also what combination of research methods might produce a better and deeper understanding of it. The aim should always be to choose those methods, or combination of methods, which can elaborate the most angles and dimensions of what are invariably multidimensional and complex processes and phenomena (Hansen, A. Cottle, S. 1998). Keeping in view the nature and requirement of this study, content analysis, the study is mainly a content analysis, which observed both qualitatively and quantitatively the Inclusion of American press towards Pakistan and India In some issues in The â€Å"New York Times â€Å"and the â€Å"Washington Post† Last 3 Years Water issue Indo-Pak peaceful relations (Trade, Showbiz, Sports) Kashmir issue Gas Pipeline Nuclear power Terrorism Others/ Miscellaneous 4. Methodology Content analysis method is adopted to conduct this study because having limited time or resources researcher only can manage to observe the newspapers, other methods for this study are more time and resources consuming. Content analysis produces a relatively systematic and comprehensive summary of overview of the data set as whole, sometimes incorporating a quantitative element. (Reference) Content AnalysisBernard Berelson defined Content Analysis as a research technique for the objective, systematic, and quantitative description of manifest content of communications (Berelson, 74). Content analysis is a method for scientifically exploring written, oral or pictorial communication. It provides a quantitative (numerical) explanation. Many content analyses comprise media print (newspapers, magazines), video, movies, television, the Internet. Holsti (1969) compromises a comprehensive definition of content analysis as, any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages (p. 14). Kerlinger (1986) has defined it as; content analysis is a method of studying and analyzing communication in a systematic, objective, and quantitative manner for the purpose of measuring variables, (cited in Wimmer, 1994:163-164) Content of the two newspapers, New York Times and Washington Post analyzed for this study for three year. (From January 2011 to December 2013) because data availability is possible in these years relevant to my topic that’s why I choice that specific time period. The reasons for the selection of these newspapers are the prestigious newspapers of US and also the medium of expression of the American policy. Both newspapers have a strong professional reputation covering almost all of the important issues of the country as well as the important issues of the world. The content analysis of the editorial is the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Rationale for the Selection of the Two Newspapers† Ho (1962) defines prestige newspapers by two standards: (a) Quality of news reports; and (b) The influence on other media and political elites. According to this definition of prestige newspapers, The New York Times and The Washington Post are selected for this study both for quality and influence. According to Izadi (2007), The New York Times, and The Washington Post are deliberated prestige newspapers; and all two are amongst the main media outlets in the United States. He transcripts that these are also leading newspapers regarding the coverage of international events. 1.2. Population and Sampling: Population: Population is the broad class of units that are to be covered in a hypothesis and it can also be defined as the units to which the findings of a specific study might be generalized (Neuman). Target population is the aggregation of units from which sample is actually selected Population for this study will be all the editorials published in The New York Times and The Washington Post three year. Sampling: â€Å"A sampling element is the unit of analysis or a case in a population† (Neuman). A process of drawing representative elements from the larger population or universe is called sampling. Obvious advantage of sampling is especially savings in time and money. (Cited in Khel, 2000:48) By using purposive sampling researcher will take only those editorials which are related to the issues of Pakistan mentioned above. The editorials of the New York Times and The Washington Post were rescued from the E-Newspapers. January 2011 to December 2013. Editorials are deliberated the official view of a newspaper. According to Henry and Tator (2002), editorial study verifies to be very important when analyzing the ideological role of news media. The data for this research study include all editorials using the word -Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬- in the headline or lead paragraph in the selected newspapers from Jan 2011 to Dec 2013. Each editorial was coded in terms of topic, frame, Slant and length. Sample Size In this study sample size mean editorials related to US foreign policy towards Pakistan and India in certain time period for analysis. Researcher selected the time period from January 2011 to December 2013 and selected Newspapers are the New York Times and The Washington Post. Unit of Analysis In this study unit of analysis is editorial because newspaper consists on many content. Therefore, researcher selected the particular unit for study. Also broad unit creates the problem for researcher as well as credibility and validity. Time period All the editorials of the above mentioned newspapers from January 2011 to December 2013 are used in this study. Categories and DirectionsThe categories are the heart of the content analysis. The collection of the data becomes possible and easy through the structure of the categories. A category in content analysis is a set of criteria or a measure, which are integrated round a theme or a value (Sarandakos, 1998: 281). These Categories are prepared for the current study the following categories are helped to find and investigate the US inclination towards Pakistan and India during the selected time period and also explore the relationship between both countries are positive or negative, favor or disfavor, foe or friend in the perspective of American press. The categories are following: A. Gas Pipeline B. Kashmir Dispute C. Pak-Indo Peace Relation D. Water Issue E. Nuclear Power F. Terrorism G. Others/ Miscellaneous The editorials regarding the above mentioned categories are treated to check the following directions: Positive/Supportive/ Favorable (+)Negative/Critical/ Unfavorable (-)Neutral (1)Favorable Any editorial is considered â€Å"Favorable† (+) if its stance is positive about Pak-India relations. Unfavorable Any editorial is considered as â€Å"Unfavorable†, (-) which is negative in tone or its stance is negative about Pak-India relations. Neutral Any editorial is deliberated as â€Å"neutral† (0) if the content of the editorial portrays faint highlighting of an issue or shows a balance of both positive and negative arguments regarding Pak-India relations. Issues descriptions: War on Terrorism:Terrorism was an old phenomenon. About last two to three decades ago, terrorism was generally arose due to native issues and accompanied by small groups that coveted to draw consideration to their origin through terrorist actions. It was formulated to finish a few but catch the attention of huge spectators. Currently, Terrorism is an ideologically driven phenomenon, its agenda is not bound to one country, and it is universal in charisma. The multinational flora of terrorism has led the governments to adopt new policies and improve collective regional efforts. After the 9/11 activity in America, the American administration stated an international war on terror, including open and secret military operations, new safety regulation, determinations to slab the financing of terrorism, and much more. America called all other countries to join this war against terrorism emphasizing that â€Å"either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists. Most of the countries join this fight against terrorism, often implementing strict new laws, lifting long-standing legal protections and marching up native policing and intelligence work. Critics protest that the war against terrorism is an ideology of fear and repression that creates enemies and promotes violence rather than mitigating acts of terrorism and to strengthen the security. The global campaign has too often displaced an excuse for governments, opposition groups and ignores international law and civil liberties to be. Governments should combat terrorism through international cooperation with international law and respect for civil liberties and human rights. Governments should also consider the causes of terrorism, in particular political alienation address by prejudice, state-sponsored violence and poverty. Kashmir Dispute: Gas Pipeline Pak-Indo Peaceful Relation Nuclear Power Water Issue Others / Miscellaneous Operationalization 1.4. Data Analysis and Interpretation The following categories are to be analyzed for the study in hand where â€Å"A† represents â€Å"Nuclear Power† â€Å"B† represents â€Å"Kashmir Dispute† â€Å"C† represents â€Å"Pak-Indo Peaceful Relation† â€Å"D† represents â€Å"Water Issue† â€Å"E† represents â€Å"Gas Pipeline† â€Å"F† represents â€Å"Terrorism† â€Å"G† represents â€Å"others/ Miscellaneous†

Allocation of Resources :: essays research papers

Economics is the allocation of scarce resources among competing ends. To some extent, virtually everything is scarce - money, food, water, dates for the prom... but some resources are scarcer than others, and deserve special attention from those with the tools to allocate them properly. Basically scarce resources can be defined as the limit a society has on a particular resource that is less obtainable than others which are readily attainable. Some examples of some scarce resources that are found commonly in today’s society are clean air, oil, trees, coal, and natural gas. Some examples of my personal scarce resources are time, money, and energy. In a way they are all connected. I have to find a way to allocate my time to make more money but yet conserve my energy at the same time. Now quality and fulfillment are two totally different things than scarce resources. Basically it contains the essential parts that enable you to live a happy life. For me this includes such things as security (whether it be with a job or a significant other), money in my wallet, family and friends, and the feeling of being successful in my endeavors. These things could also be considered needs because they are things I need to make me happy. However, my needs are limited to a few. I don’t need a lot of things to keep me happy. Just the basics are all I really need. As for my wants†¦that’s a different story. I have unlimited wants. I want many things. Having such tendencies to want and demand many things from myself helps me to obtain my goals and strive for the things I want. I don’t settle for second best. If its close to want I want I usually don’t give in. I would feel like I was given something for attempting but not fully reaching the wants and g oals I instill in myself. I think this applies to our economic system in a way that people set goals in order to make the world a better place. The impact upon the

Gate Sample Application Form

Zone/Scrutiny Code By Registered Post/Speed Post Only 6NP To GATE 2013 Chairman GATE Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, 721302 From Nifal Rasheed Adam AN KHOSLA HALL OF RESIDENCE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR NEAR DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, OPPOSITE CMPDI SAMANTAPURI, BHUBANESWAR Orissa, 751013 148 J 871 Y 99380 59870 (Mobile No. ) Cut Here Instructions to the Applicant (GATE 2013) 1. This print out should contain the following pages. (a) This page: Address Slip and Instructions. (b) Application form, filled with the information you provided online. c) Bank Challan in Triplicate (available as a separate file for download from the GATE Online Application Interface), if you have chosen Offline Challan Payment (Not applicable for female candidates). 2. On the GATE copy of the Application Form, paste a 4. 5cm x 3. 5cm printed copy of the SAME color photograph you uploaded online. (a) Use good quality glue to ensure that the photograph does not separate from the app lication. (b) Do not pin, stapple, sign, or attest the photograph. 3. Read the declaration and put your signature in the box next to it. 4.If you are in the final year or you have a backlog after appearing for the final year exam, you must get your Principal’s or HOD’s sign and seal in the last portion of the application form. Submit the whole form to the Principal’s office without cutting it. 5. If you have opted for Challan payment, wait for 48 hours after your online submission to visit the bank’s branch. You can visit any branch of the bank printed on your challan. 6. The bank teller will verify the details printed on the challan with the data available on their computer and then accept the payment.The bank will retain one copy and give you back the remaining copies: one of which you have to send along with the printed application form and the other is for your reference. 7. Mailing Documents to GATE office. (a) Cut the Address Slip and paste it onto an A4 sized envelope (Do not fill address by hand or tamper the address slip). (b) Collect the supporting documents shown under Enclosure Checklist in the application form (if you have uploaded the soft copy of the documents online, you need not send a hard copy). Mark the check list boxes. (c) Do NOT FOLD the application form and Do NOT STAPLE or pin the documents to the form. d) Send the packet by Speed Post (preferably) or by Registered Post to the address mentioned. The application packet should REACH the respective GATE office on or before Monday, 8 October 2012. Note: Application ID – 148 J 871 Y. You should preserve this number for further correspondence. Zone/Scrutiny Code 6NP 148 J 871 Y (Full Name of Applicant) GATE 2013 Application Form Applicant's recent photograph 4. 5 cm x 3. 5 cm (Application ID) Nifal Rasheed Adam 148 J 871 Y 20 Aug 1990 (D. O. B) Male (Name of Parent) OBC-NC Do not Attest Do not sign on photo Indian National P Abdul Rasheed Communication Addr essAN KHOSLA HALL OF RESIDENCE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR NEAR DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, OPPOSITE CMPDI SAMANTAPURI, BHUBANESWAR Orissa, 751013 India GATE Exam Details ME (GATE Paper code) Bhubaneswar, OR (Exam City 1) Cuttack, OR (Exam City 2) Scribe Assistance Required: [email  protected] com 99380 59870 (Mobile No. ) No Qualification Details B. Tech Mechanical Engg. Graduated: No, Year of Graduation: 2013 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR BHUBANESWAR Orissa, 751013 Zonal GATE Office Contact Chairman GATE Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur, 721302 Payment Details Online Rs. 1200. 00MSBI2813789700 21/09/2012 I hereby declare that all the particulars stated in this application form are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. I have read the Information Brochure and I shall abide by the terms and conditions therein. In the event of suppression or distortion of any fact in my application form, I understand that I will be denied the opportunity to appear in GATE 2013. Further, if any suppression or distortion of facts is found after appearing in the exam, any admission/degree acquired on the basis of GATE 2013 score is liable to be cancelled. Digital Fingerprint: b16140f109c2622e796613acd26a33dcDate: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ /†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ /†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Applicant’s signature inside the box in black ink Principal Certificate (For use as the eligibility certificate only for final year or backlog applicants) This is to certify that Nifal Rasheed Adam is a student enrolled in INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BHUBANESWAR, BHUBANESWAR. He is a student of the final year of B. Tech. He appeared in the final semester/year exam of the above degree, but has a backlog to be cleared from an earlier semester/year, and therefore cannot produce a course completion certificate. Date: Signature of Principal/ HOD Seal